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Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo za nkhani zamtengo wapatali zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa zokometsera zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse? Musanayambe kuwonjezera kununkhira kwake podya, zokometsera izi zidali chuma chamtengo wapatali kwambiri, choonedwa ngati golide, chida chomwe chidatsogolera oyenda panyanja kulikonse, komanso chomwe chidabweretsa nkhondo zazikulu pakati pa maufumu. Kuchokera ku zilumba zakuya za Indonesia, Pala (Nutmeg), Bunga Pala (Mace), Cengkeh (Cloves), ndi Kayu Manis (Cinnamon) zidatuluka, osati ngati zokometsera chabe, koma ngati asilikali apamwamba omwe adasinthanso mbiri ya dziko.
Tiyeni tiyambe ulendo wokagwira chinsinsi cha chuma ichi, tikufufuza mbiri yawo yakale, zinsinsi zawo zaulimi, ndi momwe zidakhudzira dziko lonse lapansi. Konzekerani kuyenda m’nthawi, kuyambira ku misika yakale mpaka ku khitchini zamakono, kudziwa zokometsera zomwe zidasiya chizindikiro chosawoneka pa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
M’ma 1600, panali malo amodzi okha padziko lonse omwe mungathe kupeza Pala ndi Bunga Pala: Zilumba za Banda m’chigawo cha Maluku ku Indonesia. Malo amenewa, omwe kale ankadziwika kuti “Zilumba Zokometsera,” anali chinsinsi chamtengo wapatali cha dziko lonse lapansi. Pala, yomwe imakula pa mtengo waukulu, ndi yachilendo chifukwa imatulutsa zokometsera ziwiri zosiyana kuchokera ku chipatso chimodzi: Pala (bino) ndi Bunga Pala (khungu lofiira lomwe limaphimba bino). Lingani kuti nthawi imeneyo, mtengo wa Pala ndi Bunga Pala unali woposa golide.

Nkhani ya Pala ndi Bunga Pala ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zachisembwere komanso zankhondo. Oyendetsa sitima zochokera ku Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, ndi England adamenyera ulamuliro wa zilumba za Banda. Kampani ya Dutch East India (VOC) inali ndi chidwi chachikulu chofuna kupeza chilolezo chokhachokha cha zokometsera izi. Kudzera m’nkhondo zamagazi ndi mapangano oyipa, VOC inatha kupeza ulamuliro wonse wa Banda, kufika popha anthu ambiri ndikubwezeretsa akapolo kuti azigwira ntchito m’minda ya Pala. Chochitika chodziwika bwino ndi chisinthano cha chilumba cha Rhun (chachiwiri chaching’ono mwa zilumba za Banda) ndi Manhattan pakati pa Dutch ndi British. Chifukwa chake, Rhun anali wamtengo wapatali kwambiri kuposa chimene tsopano ndi New York City.

Ngakhale kuti lero zokometsera izi zimagulitsidwa mosavuta, mbiri yake imatikumbutsa za kufunika kwake komanso zovuta zomwe zidabweretsa.
Pasanathe zaka mazana ambiri, Cengkeh, kapena Syzygium aromaticum, anali kale wofunika kwambiri ku China. Zolemba za m’mbiri zimasonyeza kuti m’nthawi ya Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), akuluakulu a boma ku China ankafunikira kutafuna Cengkeh asanalankhule ndi Mfumu kuti atsitsimutse mpweya wawo. Ngati Pala ndi Bunga Pala zidachokera ku Banda, Cengkeh wochokera ku dziko lawo anali Maluku: makamaka zilumba za Ternate ndi Tidore.

Mofanana ndi Pala, Cengkeh adakopa chidwi cha akoloni a ku Europe. Kuyambira nthawi ya Romani, Cengkeh ankalowa ku Europe kudutsa misewu yamalonda yosiyanasiyana, koma malo ake enieni ankasungidwa chinsinsi. Misika ya ku Middle East inali ngati khoma pakati pa ogula a ku Europe ndi magwero a zokometsera. A Portuguese adali oyamba kupeza zilumba za Maluku m’ma 1500, ndipo kenako adatsatiridwa ndi Dutch, omwe adakhazikitsa ulamuliro wankhanza pazopanga Cengkeh.
Kufunika kwa Cengkeh kunali kwakukulu. Si anangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokometsera m’zakudya zosiyanasiyana, komanso ngati mankhwala, kusungira zakudya, komanso ngati fungo labwino. Mafuta a Cengkeh, omwe amakhala ndi eugenol wochuluka, amadziwika chifukwa cha mankhwala ake ochepetsa ululu komanso antiseptic. Ngakhale lero, Cengkeh amakhalabe wofunika kwambiri m’maphikidwe ambiri padziko lonse, kuchokera ku zakudya zokoma mpaka ku chakumwa chotentha.

Kayu Manis (Cinnamon) ndi imodzi mwa zokometsera zakale kwambiri zomwe anthu amadziwa, wotchulidwa m’mawu achipembedzo, zolemba zakale za ku China, komanso mabuku a Herodotus. Kale, Kayu Manis anali wamtengo wapatali kuposa golide woyera, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphatso kwa mafumu ndi milungu. Kudzera m’nthawi ya Aigupto Akale, Kayu Manis ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira yosawonongeka, komanso m’mafuta onunkhira ndi zothira mankhwala.

Gwero lenileni la Kayu Manis linali chinsinsi chosungidwa bwino ndi amalonda akumidzi. Amalonda aku Middle East ankanena nkhani zongopeka zokhudza mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimamanga zisa zawo ndi timitengo ta Kayu Manis, komanso za zilombo zowopsa zomwe zimayang’anira minda ya Kayu Manis, pofuna kusunga chinsinsi ndikukweza mitengo. Zinali zaka mazana ambiri mpaka Achiportugizi adapeza Ceylon (tsopano Sri Lanka), ndipo adapeza kuti Kayu Manis woyamba, kapena Cinnamomum verum, amachokera kumeneko. Komabe, Indonesia ndi wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha Cinnamomum cassia, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Kayu Manis wa ku Padang kapena Kayu Manis wa ku Indonesia, yomwe ili ndi kukoma kwake kwapadera komanso kwambiri.

Kukolola Kayu Manis kumafuna luso lapadera. Khungwa lamkati la nthambi za mtengowo limatulutsidwa ndikupindidwa kukhala “timitengo” todziwika bwino pamene likuma. Timitengo ta Kayu Manis takhala chinthu chofunikira m’makalasi a khitchini padziko lonse, kuyambira ku makeke mpaka ku zakudya zamchere, ndipo kukoma kwake kumapitiriza kusonyeza mbiri yake yakale.
Nkhani za Pala, Bunga Pala, Cengkeh, ndi Kayu Manis zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi njira yotchuka ya “Jalan Rempah” kapena Spice Route. Njira zamalonda zoyambirira izi, zomwe zinkayenda kudutsa nyanja ndi dziko lapansi, zinalumikiza Indonesia ndi mizinda yakale ya ku Middle East, Africa, Europe, ndi Asia. Zokometsera za ku Indonesia zidali pamtima pa nkhaniyi, zikuyendetsa kuyenda kwa anthu, kusinthana kwa chikhalidwe, komanso kuwuka ndi kugwa kwa maufumu.

Kufunika kwa zokometsera izi kudapitirira kungokoma kokha. Anali chizindikiro cha chuma, ulemu, komanso mphamvu. Anathandizira pakufufuza kwa mapu atsopano, kutsegulidwa kwa njira zamalonda zatsopano, komanso pakuchita mapangano omwe adasintha tsogolo la mayiko. Zokometsera zidasinthanso mbiri ya anthu, zikubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu m’zakudya, mankhwala, ndi chikhalidwe.
Lero, miyala yamtengo wapatali yochokera ku Indonesia, monga Pala, Bunga Pala, Cengkeh, ndi Kayu Manis, ikupitiriza kusangalatsa dziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo zaulonda zatha kalekale, kufunikira kwake sikunachepe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’maphikidwe ambiri, kuyambira pa mbale zokometsera zaku Asia mpaka ku makeke a ku Europe, ndipo amakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m’makampani opanga mankhwala ndi zodzoladzola.
Kuwongolera chiyambi cha zokometsera izi kumakhala ngati kuyang’ana kuseri kwa nkhani yakale, kumene ulamuliro wa anthu ndi chilakolako cha chuma zidagwirizana ndi kukongola kwachilengedwe. Zokometsera izi sizongodya zokha; ndi chidutswa cha mbiri, chomwe chimatibweretsera zaka mazana ambiri za maulendo, chisangalalo, ndi zovuta.
Nanga inuyo, kodi mwakonzeka kudziwa mbiri yosatha iyi ndi kununkhira kochokera ku mtima wa Indonesia? Ku Inaspices.com, timapereka zokometsera zenizeni komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zikupitiriza cholowa cholemera cha dziko. Timalonjeza zokometsera zatsopano, zoyengedwa bwino, komanso zochokera ku malo oyenera omwe adakondwetsa mafumu ndi oyenda panyanja kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Fufuzani zinthu zathu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:


Dzitsimikizireni nokha mbiri ndi kukoma kwa Indonesia ndi Inaspices.com. Ulendo wanu wokometsera uyamba apa!