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Kua rongo rānei koe i ngā kōrero mō ngā moutere ngaro e huna ana i ngā taonga pounamu o te ao? He taonga i whawhaitia ai, i patua ai te tangata, i whakatūria ai ngā emepaea, ā, i takahia ai te mapi o te ao. Ko ēnei taonga ehara i te koura, i te hiriwa rānei, engari he kakara – he kakara e puta mai ana i ngā moutere puia, i ngā ngahere raumati o Indonēhia. Nau mai haere mai ki tētahi haerenga i roto i te hītori me te mīharo o te pala, te bunga pala, te cengkeh, me te kayu manis, ngā kakara e tino nui ana te mana ki te ao.
I mua i te wā i tae mai ai te whakamātaotanga, he taonga nui te kakara hei pupuri i te kai, hei whakakakara i te āhua o te ora, hei rongoā, ā, hei tohu hoki o te mana me te taonga. Ko ngā kakara i ahu mai i ngā moutere o Indonēhia, pērā i ngā Motu Banda (mō te pala me te bunga pala) me ngā Motu Maluku (mō te cengkeh), te wāhi i tīmata ai tētahi whārangi hou o te torotoro i te ao me te pakanga. Ko te hiahia ki ēnei kakara te pūtake o te maha o ngā haerenga moana, o ngā tauhokohoko nui, me ngā pakanga nui hoki e huri ana i te hītori o te tangata.
Kua roa kē ngā whakatupuranga e mahi ana i te mahi paamu me te hokohoko kakara. Mai i ngā tūpuna nō mua noa atu ki ngā kaihokohoko Arapi me Haina, ā, muri iho ki ngā Pākehā i tō rātou haerenga ki te Raki, ko ngā kakara o Indonēhia te pūtake o ngā hononga ahurea me ngā riri tōrangapū e kore e warewaretia.
Ko te Pala (Nutmeg) me te Bunga Pala (Mace) ngā kakara tino nui rawa atu o Indonēhia, ā, i ahu mai rāua i te rākau kotahi – ko te Myristica fragrans. Ko te kōrero mō ēnei kakara e kore e taea te wehe atu i ngā Motu Banda, tētahi wāhi iti noa iho i ngā Motu Maluku. I tētahi wā, ko Banda anake te wāhi i tupu ai te pala i te ao, he mea huna hoki tana mahi kia kore ai e horapa ki waho.
I mua noa atu i te taenga mai o ngā Pākehā, kua roa kē te pala e hokohokona ana ki ngā whenua o Ahia me te Middle East. Ka kitea te pala me te bunga pala i roto i ngā tuhinga tawhito a ngā rongoā Hainamana me te Inia, e whakamahia ana hei rongoā mō te nakahi me ngā mate puku. Engari nō te rau tau 16 ka huri te ao o te pala me te bunga pala.
I te taenga mai o ngā kaihokohoko Pōtikī ki Banda i te tau 1512, ka kitea e rātou te uara nui o tēnei kakara. I muri mai, ka whai mai ngā Tatimana me ngā Ingarihi, ā, ka tīmata ngā pakanga toto mō te mana whakahaere o ngā Motu Banda. Ko te kamupene Dutch East India Company (VOC) i whawhai kia whiwhi i te mana motuhake o te pala, ā, i te mutunga o te rau tau 17, i muri i te patu i te nuinga o ngā tangata whenua o Banda, ka riro i a rātou te mana katoa ki te mahi pala me te bunga pala.
I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia ngā kakara e rua ki te tunu kai, ki te hanga inu, tae atu hoki ki te hanga kakara. Ko te pala he kakara reka, he paku kawa, e tino pai ana mō ngā kai reka pērā i te purini me te inu miraka. Ko te bunga pala, he mea maroke mai i te kiri whero e karapoti ana i te kōhatu pala, he kaha ake tōna kakara, he paku reka, he paku ngawari ake i te pala, ā, he pai ki ngā kai reka me ngā kai mātotoru pērā i te kihu me te tunu kai pūweru.
Ko te Cengkeh (Cloves) tētahi atu kakara whakahirahira nō Indonēhia, i ahu mai i ngā Motu Maluku, e mōhiotia ana ko “Ngā Moutere Kakara”. Ko te cengkeh he pūpuhi puawai maroke nō te rākau Syzygium aromaticum, he mea rārangi te rākau nei ki te rangi o ngā moutere. He kaha tōna kakara, he paku reka, he werawera, ā, he roa tōna wā e noho ana te kakara.
Kua kitea te cengkeh i roto i ngā urupā o Middle East mai i te tau 1721 BC, e tohu ana he roa tōna hītori tauhokohoko. I te rau tau 3 BC, ka whakamahi ngā rangatira Hainamana i te cengkeh hei whakamārie i tō rātou manawa i mua i te kōrero ki te emepaea. Kua tae mai te cengkeh ki Ūropi i te rau tau 1 AD, i hokohokona e ngā kaihokohoko Arapi me Roma, he kakara nui hoki mō te pupuri kai me te whakapai i te rongoā. Ko te hiahia ki te cengkeh te take nui i haere ai ngā Pōtikī, ngā Tatimana, me ngā Ingarihi ki ngā Maluku i ngā rau tau 16 me 17, e whawhai ana mō te mana whakahaere o tēnei kakara nui.
I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia te cengkeh i ngā momo kai katoa, mai i ngā hupa mātotoru ki ngā kai reka. He mea nui hoki te cengkeh ki te hanga inu pērā i te waina wera me te tii. He nui hoki tōna mana hei rongoā, e mōhiotia ana ki te whakaiti i te mamae niho me te whawhai i ngā iroriki, nā te ōra o te eugenol i roto i a ia. I Indonēhia, he nui te whakamahinga o te cengkeh ki te hanga kretek, he momo hikareti e uru ana te cengkeh, he mea tino rongonui i te motu.
Ahakoa ehara i te mea no Indonēhia anake te Kayu Manis (Cinnamon), he nui tōna tūnga i roto i te ao kakara o te motu. Ko te kayu manis he mea tango mai i te kiri o te rākau Cinnamomum, he rākau e tupu ana ki ngā whenua mahana o Ahia. E rua ngā momo kayu manis e tino mōhiotia ana: ko Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), e mōhiotia ana ko te ‘kayu manis pono’, he ngawari tōna kakara, he reka; me Cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), he kaha ake tōna kakara, he paku raukikini, he nui tōna whakatōputanga i Indonēhia.
Kua roa kē te hītori o te kayu manis. Kua whakamahia e ngā Ihipiana tawhito mō te whakarite i ngā māmā (mummification) me te rongoā. I hokohokona e ngā kaihokohoko Arapi te kayu manis ki te ao Roma me Kariki i mua noa atu i te wā o te Karaiti, he taonga tino nui hoki i roto i ngā hakari me ngā mahi whakapono. I ngā rau tau waenganui, he taonga tino nui te kayu manis i Ūropi, e tohu ana i te mana me te taonga. Ko te hiahia ki te kimi i ngā puna tika o te kayu manis tētahi o ngā take nui i haere ai ngā tūhuritanga Pākehā ki te rawhiti.
I Indonēhia, he nui te mahi kayu manis, otira ko Cassia cinnamon. Ka tangohia te kiri mai i ngā rākau taitamariki, ka whakamaroke, ka mōtoru, ka huri hei paura rānei. Ko te kayu manis te kakara matua i roto i te maha o ngā kai reka me ngā inu i te ao katoa, mai i te pai āporo ki te kapu kawhe. He nui hoki ngā painga hauora o te kayu manis, tae atu ki te āwhina i te huka toto me ngā anti-oxidants.
Ko te hiahia ki te pala, te bunga pala, te cengkeh, me te kayu manis i whakatō i te hiahia o ngā Pākehā ki te torotoro i te ao. I whakatūria ngā Ara Kakara, i hangaia ngā mapi hou, ā, i timata ngā hononga ahurea. Ko ngā kakara o Indonēhia ehara i te mea he mea whakareka noa iho i ngā kai, engari he pūtake o ngā huringa nui o te ao. Nā rātou i whakatū ngā taone tauranga nunui, i āwhina i te whakatōpū i ngā kāwanatanga, ā, i huri i ngā mahi tauhokohoko o te ao.
He maha ngā kaupapa matua i whakahokia mai ki te kāinga e ngā kaipuke, ehara i te kakara anake, engari ko ngā kōrero, ngā tikanga, me ngā tūmomo rongoā. Nā te tauhokohoko kakara i hāpai i te horahanga o te mātauranga, te hangarau, me te auahatanga i waenga i ngā ahurea rerekē o te ao.
Ahakoa kua kore ngā kakara e rite tōna uara ki te koura, kei te noho tonu tō rātou mana i roto i ō tātou oranga. E maumahara ana tō rātou kakara ki ngā kōrero tawhito o ngā torotoro, ngā pakanga, me te whakatōputanga o te ao hou. Mai i ngā hōpa kāwai o Maluku ki ngā ngahere rākau kayu manis o Sumatra, kei te tuku tonu a Indonēhia i ngā kakara hei whakakī i ō tātou kīhini, hei whakamahau i ō tātou tinana, ā, hei whakamīharo hoki i ō tātou ngākau.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te wheako i te rongo pono me te hītori whai mana o ngā kakara Indonēhia, tirohia te whānuitanga o ngā hua kounga teitei kei te wātea i inaspices.com. Ka kitea e koe te pala kounga teitei, te bunga pala, te cengkeh, me te kayu manis, he mea kohi mai i ngā kaiahuwhenua mohio o Indonēhia. Koinei tō whai wāhi ki te kawe mai i te kakara o te hītori me te ahurea ki tō kīhini, ki tō oranga rānei.